The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), also known as the American Revolutionary War, was a conflict between the thirteen American colonies and the Kingdom of Great Britain. This war resulted in the independence of the colonies and the creation of the United States of America.
Causes of the War
- British taxes and lawsThe colonies rebelled against British laws and taxes that they considered unfair, such as the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts, which imposed taxes without colonial representation in Parliament.
- Protests and resistanceEvents such as the Boston Massacre (1770) and the Boston Tea Mutiny (1773) increased tensions between the colonists and the British authorities.
Development of the Conflict
- Start of the warThe war began with the battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, when British troops attempted to disarm the colonial militias.
- Continental ArmyThe Second Continental Congress formed the Continental Army, under the command of George Washington.
- International AlliancesIn 1778, France allied itself with the colonists, providing crucial military and economic support. Later, Spain and the Netherlands also supported the colonies.
Proclamation of Independence
- Declaration of IndependenceOn July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, principally drafted by Thomas Jefferson. This document proclaimed the separation of the colonies from Great Britain and established the principles of liberty and equality.
- FundamentalsThe Declaration affirmed that all people have inalienable rights, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and that government must derive its power from the consent of the governed.
End of the War
- Battle of YorktownIn 1781, the decisive victory at the Battle of Yorktown, with the surrender of British General Cornwallis, marked the effective end of the fighting.
- Treaty of Paris (1783)The conflict formally ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, in which Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
The Revolutionary War and the proclamation of independence marked the birth of a new nation based on democratic principles and individual freedom, profoundly influencing the course of world history.
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